Long-Term Reliability Analysis of Crystal Oscillator under Immersion Cooling with Various Coolants

The ongoing global shift towards digital and intelligent transformation has exponentially increased the demand for computational power, thereby raising serious concerns regarding energy consumption. Data centers are grappling with formidable challenges in the context of "dual carbon" policy pressures, which have catalyzed the need for cutting-edge thermal management technologies to facilitate sustainable and eco-friendly computing operations. Immersion cooling technology stands out as an innovative solution, boasting an impressive Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) rating as low as 1.09. This technology significantly enhances power density, reaching over 100 kilowatts per rack while concurrently diminishing construction and operational expenditures, equipment failure rates, and noise pollution. Consequently, it plays a pivotal role in developing environmentally responsible data centers.Nevertheless, the broad-scale deployment of immersion cooling necessitates exhaustive evaluations of reliability and availability, particularly for mission-critical tasks. Data center server components are multifaceted, encompassing passive elements such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and protective coatings in addition to active electronic components like chips and semiconductors. Introducing immersion cooling warrants a detailed examination of the interaction between the cooling liquids and these server components—particularly those with stringent sealing requirements beyond simple mass and volume alterations.This study selected the crystal oscillator — a critical server component—as the research subject. It underwent an accelerated aging test while submerged in various dielectric fluids, including silicone oil, synthetic oil, and fluorinated liquid. By conducting a comparative analysis of the electrical performance and functional parameters of these essential components, as well as the primary physical properties of the coolants, both pre-and post-experimentation, the study elucidates the deterioration patterns of the crystal oscillator. The findings aim to authenticate the enduring reliability of the crystal oscillator—and, by extension, other vital components—when operating within diverse cooling mediums.