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The present work simulates the Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) in Okotoks, Alberta, using calibrated borehole heat exchanger models to evaluate the energy performance of different technology scenarios. Four technology scenarios were compared to the existing design, including an updated DLSC solar thermal system with high efficiency collectors, a photovoltaic plus heat pumps and electric boilers system with high temperature seasonal thermal storage, a conventional ground source heat pump system, and a hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic system with heat pumps, electric boilers and seasonal thermal storage. The ground source heat pump scenario presents the highest SPFnet (seasonal performance factor net) to solar panel area with one caveat: the operation is dependent on ground temperature, which goes down with time, s, and the heat pump operation would experience interruptions after 30 years of operation without heat injection into the ground. The solar thermal + borehole thermal energy storage systems presented the highest SPFs of the options evaluated.
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Kosteniuk et al. (2024) studied this question.
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