An effective surface roughness extraction method using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and 2-D based equations for high speed systems

This paper proposes and validates the effective-roughness extraction method using a modified equation-based S-parameter and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In order to minimize the equation-based S-parameter error, Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis is used and Djordjevic-Sarkar dielectric model is applied to broadband frequencies. Additionally, the consistency of the S-parameters is improved by applying the Cannonball-Huray roughness model as same as the 3D-EM simulation for the resistance model. The effective-roughness with similar conditions to the measurement S-parameter was extracted using the configured equation and PSO algorithm, applied to the test coupon manufactured under the same conditions, and the measurement results were compared.