The Relationship Between Obesity and Musculoskeletal Disorders and Spinal Deformities in Non-Athletic Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Gender and Educational Level

Background and Aims Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among teachers and their role in exacerbating musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as spinal deformities, in non-athletic male and female teachers. Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included 200 overweight/obese teachers. Data on musculoskeletal pain were collected using the standardized nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS), and obesity indices were measured using a body composition analyzer. Postural abnormalities, such as forward head and rounded shoulders, were assessed via photogrammetry; kyphosis and lordosis using a flexible ruler; and scoliosis with a scoliometer. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests at a significance level of P<0.05. Results Pearson’s correlation tests revealed significant associations between all anthropometric indices of obesity and the presence of forward head posture, rounded shoulders, lumbar lordosis, as well as musculoskeletal pain in the neck, shoulders, lower back, knees, calves, and ankles (P<0.05). ANOVA results showed no significant differences in any of the evaluated postural abnormalities or musculoskeletal pain between the two genders (P>0.05), whereas significant differences were observed across teaching levels in forward head posture, kyphosis, and pain in the neck, lower back, and knees (P<0.05). Conclusion Focusing on a less-studied population of non-athletic teachers and applying a structured analysis of occupational role differences, this study introduces a novel framework for developing preventive interventions in educational settings. Its findings underscore the need for tailored intervention programs emphasizing weight management, enhancement of physical fitness, and ergonomic modifications suited to the specific occupational and gender-related needs of teachers.