Wastewater Pollutant Discharge Concentration Effect on Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid Flow across a Riga Sheet: Numerical Exploration

The proper elimination of wastewater is crucial for many industrial and ecological networks. Preventing and analyzing the release of chemical contaminants into the fluid assets is the goal of the current study. In order to achieve this, non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluids (NNNF) flowing under the influence of pollutant discharge concentration (PDC) through a permeable vertical Riga sheet is investigated. Two different types of NNNF, second-grade (SG) and Walter's B (WB) fluids, have been taken into consideration. The titanium aluminum vanadium (Ti₆Al₄V) and AA7075, also known as aviation aluminum and aircraft aluminum nanoparticles (NPs), are dispersed in the sodium alginate (C₆H₉NaO₇) to synthesize the hybrid nanofluid (Hnf). The flow equations are renovated into the non-dimensional form by employing the similarity variable approach. The results are numerically obtained through the ND-solve technique coupled with the shooting method. The numerical findings are evaluated with the previously published research for validation purposes. The current studies exhibit more compatibility with the previous research. It has been noticed from the graphical results that the Hnf temperature falls off with rising numbers of Ti₆Al₄V and AA7075-NPs. The intensifying numbers of Ti₆Al₄V and AA7075 alloys in C₆H₉NaO₇-based nanofluid and Hnf improves the energy transmission rate from 3.49% to 7.95% (SG nanofluid), 3.59% to 10.95% (SG Hnf), 3.81% to 8.76% (WB nanofluid), and 4.68% to 13.52% (WB Hnf).