Response of Wheat to Nano fertilizers Added at the Beginning of the Vegetative and Flowering Growth Stages

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2023-2024 in the Al-Galibiya area of Al-Khalis District in Diyala Governorate in a mixed sandy soil, salinity 4.5 dM/m, pH 7.6, organic matter 21%, and ready-made nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 26.9, 29.0 and 126.8 mg/kg. Sequentially, with the aim of determining the extent of wheat crop response to nanotechnology during the vegetative and flowering growth stages , using some nanofertilizers to improve growth and develop the production of this strategic crop.A factorial experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The first factor included fertilizer treatments (urea nanofertilizer and NPK nanofertilizer at a concentration of 60 g each, and traditional urea fertilizer and NPK traditional fertilizer at a concentration of 100 kg/ha each) as well as the control treatment, while Addition dates parameters (the beginning of the vegetative growth stage, the beginning of the flowering growth stage, and the beginning of both the vegetative and flowering growth stages) represented the second factor. The use of the traditional fertilizer urea led to the highest plant height when added at the beginning of the vegetative growth stage and the beginning of the vegetative and flowering growth stages, as it reached 104.2 and 102.9 cm, respectively’. The use of nanofertilizer urea at the beginning of the vegetative and flowering growth stages resulted in the highest number of tillers, reaching 373.06 tillers/m², and it did not differ significantly from the treatment of using nanofertilizer urea at the beginning of the vegetative growth stage, which achieved 366.50 tillers /m².