Insights into Medication Adherence among Jordanian Patients with Dyslipidemia: Evaluating Health Literacy, Well-being, and Doctor-Patient Communication

Abstract Background The study aimed to assess medication adherence among Jordanian patients with dyslipidemia, in addition to evaluating the impact of health literacy, health well-being, and doctor-patient communication on medication adherence in this population. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted between March to July 2023. A convenient sample of adult Jordanians diagnosed with dyslipidemia was surveyed, by two trained researchers in a tertiary hospital. The study tool consisted of demographic data and several validated scales, including the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale-14 (LMAS-14), the Doctor-Patient Communication Scale (DPC), the World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and the health literacy scale. Scores for each scale were computed, and associations were analyzed using bivariant analysis and linear regression models. Results A total of 410 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 58.62 ± 12.11 years. The sample mean score for LMAS-14 was 35.10, the DPC score was 55.77, the WHO-5 well-being index score was 47.53, and the health literacy score was 38.96. Linear regression models showed that older age (B = 0.093, p = 0.049), university education (B = 2.872, p = 0.017), prior surgery (B = 2.317, p = 0.021), medium income level (B = 3.605, p = 0.006), and higher doctor-patient communication scores (B = 0.166, p = 0.003) were associated with higher medication adherence. Conversely, cigarette smoking (B=-3.854, p = 0.001) and having health insurance (B=-2.146, p = 0.039) were linked to lower adherence levels. Conclusion Results highlight the intricate interplay of various socio-demographic and clinical factors and their impact on medication adherence. Targeted public health interventions that address socio-demographic conditions, communication quality, and health literacy are pivotal to improved adherence and overall patient outcomes.