Significance JNIM’s top leader Iyad ag Ghali and key deputy Amadou Koufa, have been in place since the group’s 2017 creation, giving the group some leadership continuity, despite a period of intensive French targeted killings from 2018-22. Impacts Increased civilian targeting by Burkinabe and Malian militaries and Russian auxiliaries will boost JNIM recruitment. JNIM may resist efforts by northern non-jihadist rebels to move southward. JNIM may refrain from assaults on major towns for now.
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