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This study introduces and assesses a hybrid renewable energy system tailored for a practical, off-grid location. The integrated power system comprises a diesel generator, photovoltaic panels, battery storage system, and a converter. The primary objective is to formulate a system exhibiting optimal performance concerning cost, carbon emissions, and load satisfaction, necessitating a three-objective optimization approach. Leveraging the ε-constraint method alongside an enhanced optimization algorithm, the study compares the enhanced algorithm against its original version and established optimization algorithms using intricate benchmark functions. Outcomes indicate the enhanced algorithm's superiority, manifested through minimal error and standard deviation. Subsequently, the enhanced hybrid optimization method is employed to optimize the design and operation of the proposed power system, considering economic, environmental, and technical facets. Rigorous sensitivity analyses ascertain the system cost's responsiveness to varying parameters. To validate the efficacy of the proposed optimization approach, a parallel optimization of the hybrid power system is conducted using HOMER software. Results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid optimization method not only meets defined limits but also minimizes carbon emissions, emphasizing its effectiveness in designing sustainable and efficient off-grid energy systems.
Zhu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.