We developed a high-throughput measurement system at the Uppsala scanning nuclear microprobe, which has the capacity of (i) scanning large samples with areas up to several cm2 with micrometer resolution, (ii) automatically identifying and localizing individual micrometer-sized particles in-situ, and (iii) their subsequent detailed characterization. Simultaneous micro-Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (µ-PIXE) analysis and micro-Rutherford-Backscattering Spectrometry (µ-RBS) were employed for the element-sensitive mapping. The operation of the system was demonstrated on a human soft tissue biopsy obtained from a dental implant site exhibiting severe inflammation and destruction of the supporting bone (i.e., peri-implantitis). A µ-PIXE map of sulfur (S) was used to visualize the tissue for post-measurement data processing. Metal microparticles, originating from the implant, were easily identified in their µ-PIXE element maps. Based on the coarse mapping, automatized, detailed measurements on individual particles revealed their exact position in 3-dimensions, their composition and shape without significantly extending the required time for analysis.
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Nagy et al. (2024) studied this question.
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