Application and Importance of Scanning and Transmissionelectron Microscopes in Science and Technology

Recent developments in nanoscience and technology have increased the importance of electron microscopes, specifically the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), in almost all fields of science and technology. Electron microscopes provide information such as morphology, composition, crystal struc-ture, and crystal phase. They have the capability to confirm the formation of required products and also provide infor-mation on any defects that may occur in the product. SEM and TEM have been used in various disciplines including chemistry, physics, biology, pharmacy, archaeology, materials science, agriculture, soil science, environmental science, forensic sciences, civil engineering, and electronic engineering. All these features and advantages of electron micro-scopes contribute to their importance in academic as well as industrial research, thereby enriching the development and growth of nanoscience and nanotechnology.