Bacterial classification based on metagenomic analysis in peritoneal dialysis effluent of patients with chronic kidney disease

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which long-term damage has been caused to the kidneys to the extent that they are no longer able to filter the blood of waste and extra fluid. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the treatments that remove waste products from the blood through the peritoneum which can improve the quality of life for patients with ESKD. However, PD-associated peritonitis is an important complication that contributes to the mortality of patients, and the detection of bacterial pathogens is associated with a high culture-negative rate. The present study aimed to apply a metagenomic approach for the bacterial identification in the PD effluent (PDE) of patients with CKD based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. As a result of this investigation, five major bacteria species, namely