Detection and treatment of active retinopathy of prematurity by specialists of the federal ophthalmology clinic in a perinatal center

Purpose. To analyze the incidence, structure and methods of treatment of active retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a modern high-tech perinatal center by specialists from the federal ophthalmology clinic. Material and methods. The study included the results of ophthalmological examinations of 979 premature infants. The body weight of children at the time of birth is 460– 2200 g. Gestation period of children is 22–36 weeks. Nursing of children was carried out in the conditions of the perinatal center of the Kaluga Regional Clinical Hospital from 2021 to 2023. If there were indications, a visiting team of ophthalmic surgeons from the Kaluga branch of the MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” performed laser coagulation of the retina and intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in the perinatal center for premature infants with detected ROP. Treatment activities were carried out on the basis of the Kaluga branch of the MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”, if the somatic status of the premature infant allowed its transportation. Results.When analyzing the study results, ROP was detected in 125 children (12.77 %) out of 979. An inverse relationship was revealed between the gestational age at the time of birth and the frequency of progressive pathology. In children born at a gestation period of 22 weeks or more with severe concomitant somatic pathology and located in the perinatal center, treatment for ROP was necessary at an early post-conceptional age – 34.5 ± 1.9 weeks (9 ± 1.8 weeks of life). The conditions of the hightech perinatal center provided the possibility of performing surgery to patients of this category in full. Conclusion.Treatment of active ROP in the early stages in a high-tech perinatal center can prevent the development of severe stages of the disease. Treatment success rates were 40 %, 77.3 %, and 100 % in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. A complete transition of the treatment of active ROP to the method of intravitreal administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor has been achieved in a high-tech perinatal center.