Analysis of the provisions of the Communication on the implementation of the European Green Deal "Fit for 55"

In order to achieve the goal of the European Climate Law of the European Union to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, the EU Commission proposes changes to European energy and climate legislation. These changes include 16 initial legislative and strategic proposals related to energy and climate legislation, which are discussed in this article. A comparative analysis of existing legal provisions with the EU Commission's proposals has been conducted, identifying the differences proposed for adoption in updated regulatory acts. It is found that the proposed changes aim to strengthen existing climate and energy legislative acts by primarily making changes to their objectives, scope, and structure. The changes also concern EU emissions trading system, effort sharing system between the Member States, energy taxation, energy efficiency, and the promotion of renewable energy sources. The reform package includes new instruments such as the introduction of a second emissions trading system for the buildings and transport sectors, the use of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, and the establishment of the Social Climate Fund. The EU Commission actively utilizes a combination of legislative provisions and policy instruments based on pricing. However, the number and nature of conflicts that may arise between the proposed measures are not yet fully understood. It is currently challenging to assess the possibility of achieving greenhouse gas emission reductions in the transport and buildings sectors by 2030 solely based on the proposed instruments. The issue of ambitious targets in the context of the shortened timeframe until 2030 also presents challenges in achieving specific goals within defined time intervals.