Influence of phosphorus molar ratio on the fabrication and electrochemical properties of nanorod-shaped LiFePO₄ synthesized via iron powder reduction for lithium-ion battery applications

In this work, nanorod lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) materials are synthesized by a liquid-phase method using iron powder, H 3 PO 4 , and LiOH[Formula: see text]H 2 O as source materials. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performance are characterized. The results illustrate that the molar ratio of Li:Fe:P plays a significant role in regulating the morphology and structure of LiFePO 4 . When the molar ratio is Li:Fe:P [Formula: see text] 3:1:1 it shows irregular nanoparticles, and when the molar ratio is Li:Fe:P [Formula: see text] 3:1:1.5 it transforms into rod-like particles. Furtherly, The LiFePO 4 /C (Li:Fe:P [Formula: see text] 3:1:1.5) material, adding carbon coating at 180[Formula: see text]C for 12[Formula: see text]h, displays a discharge capacity of 120[Formula: see text]mAh/g at 1[Formula: see text]C, and even after 200 cycles with the capacity retention of above 95.7%. Our findings provide a simple, economical and environmentally friendly way to produce LiFePO 4 cathode material for outstanding performance in lithium-ion battery (LIB).