A multiparametric study for size and stability of hybrid Fe ₂ O ₃ -NiO nanoparticles and their statistical transformation

Bimetallic mixed metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles of iron and nickel are prepared via the co-precipitation method and are characterized by various techniques. Optimization of these nanoparticles involves finding the optimal synthetic conditions and parameters to achieve the hybrid material's desired size, stability, and composition. The effects of the ratio of precursor salts, time of addition of reactant, pH, and the temperature for the synthesis of these mixed oxide nanoparticles are investigated. Concentration studies revealed successful synthesis of the hybrids with the controlled smallest size, at equal concentrations of precursor salts. pH and time of addition of reactant studies revealed the synthesis of least-sized hybrids at pH 13 and at a slow mode of addition of reactant. The optimal temperature at which hybrid nanoparticles are found at the smallest controlled size is 40 °C, whereas increasing temperature causes an increase in the size of nanoparticles. The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential studies are also evaluated through statistical models including probability distribution function and grow-decay model, revealing optimized points in terms of probability and the growth or decay of slopes. These studies can potentially demonstrate the optimized potential of these nanoparticles for a variety of applications including energy storage, catalysis, sensing, etc.