Analysis of kidney stones using Single Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (SP-LIBS) to determine the concentrations of elements

Abstract The chemical structure of kidney stones was studied using single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SP-LIBS). This approach present the use of a high-resolution (CCD) spectrometer that covered a spectrum range of 165-820nm with an optical resolution of 0.5nm. The kidney stones were stimulated by a passively Q-Switch Nd:YAG laser operating at a pulse duration of 10 ns and a fundamental wavelength of 1,064nm. The electron temperature (Te) and plasma density (ne) for the SP-LIBS system were investigated for all elements in the sample. A novel statistical method was employed to calculate the concentration of each element. This technique presented a straight forward and efficient approach for estimating the rate of concentration for each element.