A Two-Stage Model for Enhanced Prediction of Received Signal Strength in Maritime Environments

Maritime environments cause inaccurate prediction of received signal strength (RSS) by occurring the fading. In this letter, we propose a two-stage model consisting of a ray trajectory-based model and a feedforward neural network. Two independent models ensemble to predict RSS, considering both large- and small-scale fading caused by maritime environments. The proposed model accurately predicts RSS compared with other machine learning models.