The use of immunomodulators in multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, treatment and neurological examination

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune, demyelinating, chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in young adults. It is a complex and heterogeneous condition due to the involvement of various pathophysiological processes including inflammation, demyelination, axonal injury and repair mechanisms. These processes characterize MS as a progressive and unpredictable disease. The diagnostic definition of MS is no easy task, as there is no specific marker. Objectives: To carry out a descriptive review study on the use of immunomodulators in multiple sclerosis, from diagnosis to treatment. Material and methods: A descriptive review study was carried out on the use of immunomodulators in multiple sclerosis, from diagnosis to treatment. The studies were analyzed from February to March 2024, with a sample of 34 scientific articles analyzed. Results and discussion: The initial assessment of a patient with MS usually begins with the patient's medical history and a detailed account of the symptoms, including their onset, duration and pattern. Neurologists pay particular attention to the type of symptoms, their progression and any relapses or remissions. Conclusion: In conclusion, navigating the complexities of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) requires a comprehensive and personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment. From the intricate process of diagnosing the disease, through a combination of clinical assessments, MRI scans and other diagnostic tools, to the wide range of treatment options, including disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatments and lifestyle modifications, managing MS is a multifaceted endeavor.