A streamlined approach to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for models with spatial outputs with an example from geodiversity assessment

The paper proposes a joint use of two global sensitivity analysis methods to evaluate the influence of model inputs on spatially explicit outputs. The analysis is conducted on spatial outputs of geodiversity assessment. First, the screening method is used to identify inputs with low importance and interactions, which can be discarded in later analysis. A simplified model is compared with a complete model using the mean and variance calculated on spatial outputs to evaluate outcome uncertainty. Finally, the variance decomposition method computes two sensitivity index maps per input. The results are mapped using bivariate classification, allowing for the simultaneous identification of regions with higher geodiversity scores and their corresponding variability. The research reveals that the streamlined approach preserves the overall patterns of outcome uncertainty and sensitivity observed in an original model while simultaneously reducing the number of outcome maps to interpret. Additionally, bivariate mapping proves efficient in concurrently depicting spatial sensitivity and interaction effects. The analytic efficiencies afforded by the presented approach and bivariate mapping enhance the operational knowledge of spatially explicit uncertainty and sensitivity analysis by simplifying the computational procedure and offering an alternative way of visualizing and interpreting input factors driving the sensitivity of model output.