The Lanzhou Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) facility is set to conduct experiments involving uranium-uranium collisions at center-of-mass energies ranging from 2.12 to 2.4 GeV. Our investigation is focused on various bulk observables, which include charged particle multiplicity (Nch), average transverse momentum (pT), initial eccentricity (εₙ), and flow harmonics (vₙ), for different orientations of U+U collisions within the range of 0^∘<θ<120^∘ at √sNN=2.12 GeV (plab=500 MeV). Among the various collision configurations at this energy, the tip-tip scenario emerged with the highest average charged particle multiplicity, denoted as Nch. Notably, both the second- and third-order eccentricities, ε2,3, revealed intricate patterns as they varied with impact parameter across distinct configurations. The tip-tip configuration displayed the most pronounced magnitude of rapidity-odd directed flow (v₁), whereas the body-body configuration exhibited the least pronounced magnitude. Concerning elliptic flow (v₂) near mid-rapidity (|η|<1.0), a negative sign is observed for all configurations except for the side-side which exhibited a distinctly positive sign. Within the spectrum of configurations, the body-body scenario displayed the highest magnitude of v₂. For reaction plane correlated triangular flow (v₃), the body-body configuration emerged with the largest magnitude while the side-side exhibited the smallest magnitude. Our study seeks to establish a fundamental understanding of various U+U collision configurations in preparation for the forthcoming CSR External-target Experiment (CEE).
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Sahoo et al. (2024) studied this question.
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