Research on the Construction of Ecological Security Pattern and Optimization Strategy of Fuyang City Region Based on MSPA and Circuit Theory

Abstract Constructing an ecological security pattern is of great significance for protecting and restoring the biodiversity of urban ecological space, this study takes Fuyang city as an example, selects elevation, slope, land cover, vegetation cover, geohazard susceptibility, distance from the water system, distance from the road, and distance as the resistance surface factors, and constructs a comprehensive resistance surface based on the circuit theory utilizing the Linkage Mapper tool. ecological corridor of Fuyang city, identify ecological nodes, and then optimize the ecological security pattern of Fuyang city. The results show that (1) the core area analyzed by MSPA is 87.26km2, accounting for 56.00% of the prospective elements. (2) 28 ecological source areas were screened out based on the patch landscape connectivity analysis, with an area of 79.98km². (3) There are 66 ecological corridors, and the corridor network formed from southeast to northwest is of good ecological quality, with little obstructed connection. (4) There are 15 ecological pinch points in Fuyang City, except for Linquan County, where only 1 pinch point occurs in Taihe County, Yingquan District, Yinzhou District, and Funan County, 2 pinch points in Yindong District and Jieshou City, and 7 pinch points in Yingshang County. (5) There are 93 obstacle areas in Fuyang City, with patch areas above 0.2 km2, and the total area of all obstacle points reaches 2,394.92 km2 mainly distributed along the Quanhe and Yinghe Rivers in Fuyang City, including Jieshou City, Taihe County, Yingquan District, Yingzhou District, Yindong District, Yingshang County, and Funan County. Fuyang City is located in the traditional agricultural area of northern Anhui Province, with typical characteristics of farming plains and relatively homogeneous surface composition. The use of circuit theory to simulate the ecological security pattern of Fuyang City is more targeted, and the active maintenance and protection of ecological pinch points and the gradual removal of ecological barriers can promote the comprehensive construction of the ecological security pattern of Fuyang City.