Much ado about hallucinations: a brief assessment of the judicial response to large language model (LLM) hallucinations in the United States and Canada

The surge in the utilization of generative artificial intelligence within the legal profession, particularly in preparing legal documents, has prompted a flurry of responses from the judiciary, including practice directives and standing orders. These varied responses have either directly or implicitly referred to litigants using "hallucinated" cases generated by large language models (LLMs) as a major concern. This article briefly evaluates these responses, making conclusions on their propriety and relevance.