Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region, known for its high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) related genes' involvement in OSCC, offering new insights for immunotherapy. We identified differentially expressed genes associated with MHC in OSCC, analyzed copy number variations and pathways enrichment, and developed a prognostic model using Cox regression analysis on patient data. Our model proved to be an independent prognostic indicator, effectively predicting patients' prognosis and showcasing its efficacy in estimating 5-year survival rates. Immunoinfiltration analysis highlighted Granzyme B (GZMB) as a key gene significantly correlated with immune cells, showing varied expression across tumor stages. Additionally, we characterized OSCC tissue grading, finding higher GZMB protein expression in well-differentiated compared to moderately differentiated tissues, both exceeding levels in normal tissues. Our findings suggest the developed prognostic model could serve as a reliable biomarker for OSCC prognosis, emphasizing the crucial role of GZMB in tumor progression.
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Zhang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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