Effect of volume ratios on the novel Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract-mediated production of ZnO and Co ₃ O ₄ nanoparticles for potential antifungal applications

Antimicrobial infectious disease has become a major problem in the world. It has been found as its continual distribution is at extremely frightening rate. The most curable technique is the design and synthesis of effective nano-based drugs as green alternative. In this study, ZnO and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were produced from their precursor salts in the volume ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 with Solanum lycopersicum leaf as a capping and reducing agent. Characterizations were performed using TGA/DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, UV-Vis, and FTIR techniques. After 450°C and 500°C, ZnO and Co3O4 NPs were found to be thermally stable, respectively. For the ZnO and Co3O4 NPs in 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 volume ratios, respectively, their average crystalline sizes were 51, 20, 29 and 26, 21 and 28 nm. The degree of crystallinity is confirmed by SEM in conjunction with TEM-HRTEM, and SAED. Among the numerous volume ratios, Co3O4 (1:3) and Co3O4 (1:1) showed 100% promised activity against Alternaria solani pathogen.