We describe the homotopy classes of loops in the space of 2 × 2 simple (=non-degenerate) matrices with various symmetries. This turns out to be an elementary exercise in the homotopy of closed curves in R3/{0}. Since closed curves in R3/{0} can be readily visualized, no advanced tools of algebraic topology are needed. The matrices represent gapped Bloch Hamiltonians in 1D with a two dimensional Hilbert space per unit cell.
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Avron et al. (2024) studied this question.
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