Hypercalcemia can arise from many different etiologies, with the most common cause being an inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can be due to a parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, or carcinoma. Additionally, mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene can lead to familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) resulting in mild to moderate hypercalcemia. These two conditions rarely occur together with limited cases in the literature.
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Lesniak et al. (2024) studied this question.
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