Modification of Zinc Tungstate with Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers for Electrochemical Detection of 3-Nitro-L-Tyrosine in Tap Water and Bovine Serum Albumin

Precise revealing and early detection of 3-Nitro-L-Tyrosine (3-NLT), a biomarker of oxidative stress in biological media is critical for the early treatment of cancer tumorigenic cells and immunologic disorders. In this study, zinc tungstate (ZnWO 4 ) was incorporated with functionalized carbon nanofibers ( f- CNF) to form a ZnWO 4 / f- CNF composite. The composite improves detection of 3-NLT by increasing the electrical conductivity, electrocatalytic activity, and rapid electron transfer kinetics. Various physical characterization techniques were employed to confirm the ZnWO 4 / f- CNF composite. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were utilized to detect 3-NLT after modifying ZnWO 4 / f- CNF on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The ZnWO 4 / f- CNF/GCE achieved an elevated electrochemically active surface area (0.08 cm 2 ), a linear range of 1.0–117.0 μ M, and a low detection limit of 0.07 μ M. Finally, the ZnWO 4 / f- CNF/GCE was tested with bovine serum albumin and tap water in the real sample investigation.