Mass‐Transfer Mechanism of Nafion Proton‐Exchange Membranes in Fuel Cells—A Review

The proton‐exchange membrane is a crucial component of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and its mass transfer plays a vital role in the performance and energy conversion efficiency of fuel cells. In this article, the fundamental structure and working principle of PEMFCs, as well as the microstructure of the membrane, are introduced. The mass‐transfer mechanism of the membranes is systematically sorted out from the model of mass transfer and the corresponding simulation method, and the mass transfer is quantitatively calculated from the macroscopic perspective. Additionally, methods to improve the mass‐transfer efficiency from both internal and external aspects are discussed. In conclusion, in this article, mass transfer in PEMFCs is comprehensively discussed and a valuable reference is offered for future research and development in this field.