Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with first seizure episode

Seizures are transient episodes of signs and/or symptoms resulting from abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. About 8% to 10% of people will experience a seizure at some point in their lives, and of that group, about 2% to 3% will develop epilepsy. Given the impact that epilepsy can have on a person's quality of life and related medical, cognitive, or psychiatric conditions, it is crucial to perform a detailed evaluation when a patient presents an unprovoked first seizure episode. A seizure crisis must be distinguished from other events with a similar presentation, as the possible causes must be determined, to establish the need for adequate treatment, and establish a long-term prognosis.