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The present effort is expected to consider the groundwater quality of the Erbil Central Basin. In this study, we compared the physiochemical properties and distribution of major cations and anions in groundwater to evaluate the quality assessment as a special usage (drinking and irrigation) and identify the sources and types of water quality variation and pollution. The mean richness of major cations are Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, whereas the major anions are HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl-. The quality of water was evaluated using SAR, sodium (%), PI, TH, MH, PS, and WQI. When the chemical and physical characteristics were compared to Iraqi and public health standards (IQS) for drinking water, it was discovered that the majority of the wells' groundwater during both periods was within the acceptable range, and suitable for all human drinking and domestic purposes except for three wells exceed the maximum permissible limit of NO3-, which are Newroz, Rizgari, and Birayaty, while HCO3ˉ is showed a maximum in Newroz, and in Rizgari well the total hardness (TH) doesn’t lie within recommended standards. The Ca and Mg- Bicarbonate type was the predominant form for the groundwater classified for both seasons, with only one well (Zanko) being Ca- Chloride type for the dry season. The majority of ionic species originated from alkaline earth metals that originate from interactions between weak acidic anions in groundwater and soil or rock. All samples were suitable for drinking water according to the WQI, only the Zanko well had poor water during the dry season.
Rasul et al. (Sat,) studied this question.