The Bhumihars of India and Nepal: A Socio-Economic and Landholding Profile with Evolving Identities

This report provides a comprehensive examination of the Bhumihar community in India and Nepal, tracing their historical trajectory from land-owning elites to a diversifying professional class. It analyzes their contested Brahminical identity, demographic distribution, traditional landholding patterns, and the profound impact of post-independence land reforms. The report further explores their significant political participation, evolving educational aspirations, and the contemporary challenges they face, including economic inequality, land fragmentation, and identity shifts. Quantitative data from recent surveys are integrated to offer empirical insights, alongside an overview of current academic referencing formats suitable for research publications.