The effects of dietary intervention and MAF supplementation on cognitive function in elderly users of outpatient rehabilitation

Abstract Backgroud: Age, genetic and environmental factors are noted to contribute to dementia risk. Neuroplasticity, protection from degeneration and cell death, and early intervention are desirable for preventing dementia. The linkage between neurons and microglia has been a research focus. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary modification (a reduction in advanced glycation end products [AGEs]) and macrophage activating factor (MAF; a macrophage regulator) supplementation on cognitive function in elderly participants undergoing rehabilitation. Methods: Forty-three rehabilitation facility users aged over 60 years were randomly divided into three groups: a control group receiving placebo, a group receiving dietary guidance, and a group receiving dietary guidance and MAF supplementation. The amyloid-β40/42 ratio, dietary AGE intake, plasma AGE levels, dietary calorie intake and MCI screen as cognitive functions of participants were evaluated. Results: Four participants withdrew from the study. MCI screen scores significantly improved in MAF supplementation group especially after 6 months. Dietary modulation was also effective for improving cognitive function after 12 months compared to placebo. Only control group significantly increased plasma AGE and worsened, dietary modulation and MAF supplementation group showed no change after 12 months. Conclusions: MAF supplementation is effect for improvement of cognitive function especially after 6 months in elderly people with rehabilitation. Dietary modulation was also effective for cognitive function after 12 months compared to control group. Dietary guidance in day-care center rehabilitation was difficult due to conflicts with family members and the use of facilities. However, enthusiastic users showed improvement in cognitive function. In addition to exercise and dietary improvement, social involvement was found to be important again. Trial registration: UMIN 000050155, 2023/02/14