Nuclear chemistry: an essential nuclear science

Nuclear chemistry is a small discipline that applies chemical methods to studies of the nucleus. Although there is substantial overlap with other fields (most notably nuclear physics, radiochemistry, and nuclear engineering), there are distinctive features of nuclear chemistry in either training, methods, or objectives that differentiate the field. Chemical methods often provide unique insights into fundamental nuclear science questions. Materials chemistry in particular plays an important role in studies of nuclear reactions and structure, but does not receive much recognition. Separations chemistry is also of great use in simplifying and separating complex nuclear reaction products. Despite this impact, nuclear chemistry is on an unsustainable path, and is facing existential challenges due to the scarcity of opportunities for study. This article discusses the essential role chemistry performs in nuclear science, providing definitions and historical context to a small but important field.