Factors of Fossilization in Speaking English As A Second Language among Malaysian Undergraduates

Fossilization refers to the persistence of non-standard or erroneous language elements, grammar, and systematic interlanguage knowledge as a person's foreign language skills develop over time. This research aims to explore the variables contributing to fossilization and the tactics employed by Malaysian undergraduates when speaking English as a second language. This study is qualitative and the data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with five Malaysian undergraduates from different universities. The results showed that there are three subfactors of Han's external causal factors of fossilization: frequent occurrence of external variables among participants, such as lack of input, absence of corrective feedback, and reinforcement from the language environment. The primary internal causes identified are L1 influence and limited opportunities to utilize the target language. To address the issue effectively, it is crucial to comprehend the underlying reasons for fossilization as it could establish a strong language acquisition for the needs of students. Also, the research has significant implications for language educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in the field of language education. It offers insightful information for developing curriculum, teaching strategies, and support systems intended to improve Malaysian undergraduates' English language proficiency.