The impact and freezing process of a water droplet are studied experimentally, incorporating the presence of frost and salt. A distinct transition of the spreading dynamics is observed, altering from the well-known 1/2 inertial scaling law to a 1/10 capillary-viscous scaling law. By considering the effect of impact inertia, partial-wetting behavior, and salinity, the mechanism of this transition is elucidated, and a unified model for predicting the droplet arrested diameter is proposed.
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Zeng et al. (2024) studied this question.
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