Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty to treat vertebral fractures have become a mainstay in the management of osteoperotic or neoplastic spinal fractures. These image-guided, minimally invasive procedures have become the preferred method to manage debilitating fractures in elderly and frail individuals. Despite their excellent outcomes and low overall risk, these procedures are not without complications. Venous cement leakage and resultant venous embolism as a result of vertebroplasty have reported rates beyond 50%, with a fraction of these resulting in pulmonary embolism.
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Lingnurkar et al. (2024) studied this question.
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