Advancing Underwater Communication with NBO-MFO Hybrid Routing in UWSNs

In this research provides a solution for optimizing routing path selection in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The algorithm combines Namib Beetle Optimization (NBO) and Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO), integrating them into the ILEACH methodology for efficient routing path selection. The algorithm operates in an iterative manner, commencing with NBO's feature selection process, evaluating fitness through average classification error and feature selection ratio. Simultaneously, MFO mimics moth behavior, updating positions via a logarithmic spiral function based on flame locations. The mutual learning phase facilitates information exchange between NBO and MFO, enhancing their collective intelligence and refining the routing path selection process. ILEACH's contribution lies in its fitness aggregation and selection methods. It amalgamates various criteria, including energy levels, distances, and node conditions, into a comprehensive fitness metric. Subsequently, ILEACH selectively identifies optimal routing paths aligned with energy-efficient criteria and node statuses, ensuring efficient data transmission and energy conservation within UWSNs. This integrated approach fosters a comprehensive strategy for routing path selection in UWSNs, ensuring sustainability and efficiency in data transmission within challenging underwater environments.