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The roots of red gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) produce shikonin, a unique 1,4naphthoquinone with a broad range of applications.Shikonin is a precious red pigment for the Asian culture, not only as a dye or cosmetic, but also as an exceptional traditional herbal medicine.Shikonin has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, anticancer activity, and helps with wound healing, among many other pharmacological uses (Yadav et al., 2022).For decades, shikonin and shikonin-derived metabolites have been produced industrially in cell cultures.However, despite its commercial value, the biosynthetic pathway of shikonin has not been completely solved.
Lara Pereira (Wed,) studied this question.