Statistical Analysis of Cavity Quality Factor Due to Localized Losses With the Stochastic Green's Function Method

The statistical characterization of the cavity quality factor ( <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q</tex-math> -factor) holds significant practical importance, especially in the context of large and complex metallic enclosures. While there are existing methods for analyzing <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q</tex-math> -factor statistics attributed to distributed and uniform losses, there is a noticeable gap in addressing the statistical cavity <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q</tex-math> -factor arising from localized losses, such as aperture leakage, wall coating, and absorptive loading. This article introduces a physics-oriented, hybrid deterministic-stochastic approach to predict the statistical distribution of cavity <tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q</tex-math> -factor due to localized losses. The key ingredient of this method is the stochastic Green's function integral equation formulation, grounded in a statistical description of the cavity eigenmodes within an enclosed electromagnetic environment. The computational model is evaluated through both numerical and laboratory experiments, validating its reliability and applicability in real-world scenarios.