Impacts of Palm Bunch Ash and Brine Solutions on the Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of “Ugba” (Pentaclethra macrophyll Benth)

The impacts of palm bunch ash (PBA) and brine solutions on the microbial and organoleptic properties of ugba were determined.The solutions were prepared from 500 g of PBA and 50 g of NaCl which were dissolved in 1 L water separately.The ugba was produced and divided into 3 equal portions of 500 g.Half of each solution was added separately to each portion, which was cooked in 1 L of water.The third portion, known as the control (CON), was cooked in the absence of any solution.The pieces of ugba underwent a 48 h fermentation process after being cooled, soaked, cleaned, and wrapped.The SPSS software version 23 was used to perform a one-way ANOVA on the acquired data.The proximate compositions of the four ugba samples were: moisture, protein, and ash contents (%) showed significant impacts amongst samples (32.36 ugba sample treated/cooked in brine solution at week 4 (BRS 4 ); 38.86 ugba sample treated/cooked in PBA solution at week 4 (PAM 4 ); 47.68 CON 4 ); (15.69 BRS 4 ; 12.22 PAM 4 ; 8.74 CON sample at week 4 (CON 4 )); and (3.08 BRS 4 ; 2.65 PAM 4 ; 4.01 CON sample at week 4 (CON 4 )) respectively.The following vitamin contents were measured in mg/100 g: B 1 (0.043 BRS 4 ; 0.053 PAM 4 ; 0.979 CON 4 ); B 2 (0.078 BRS 4 ; 0.072 PAM 4 ; 0.105 CON 4 ); and B 3 (0.088 BRS 4 ; 0.091 PAM 4 ; 0.099 CON 4 ).The samples exhibit the following anti-nutritional composition (mg/100 g): phytates (1.30BRS 4 ; 1.15 PAM 4 ; 0.64 CON 4 ), oxalates (8.77BRS 4 ; 7.16 PAM 4 ; 3.72 CON 4 ), tannins (2.70 BRS 4 ; 1.88 PAM 4 ; 1.69 CON 4 ), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (1.93 BRS 4 ; 1.57 PAM 4 ; 1.32 CON 4 ).It was discovered that the nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of ugba were affected by PBA and brine solutions.