We report a new electrochemical bio-microelectromechanical system that will enable biofluids analysis without pretreatment steps and lies in the use of an array of microelectrodes modified with bioelectronic nano-films. The multi-sensor array generates a set of complex electrochemical signals that is analyzed by using intelligent machine learning algorithms ('chemometrics'). Here, we demonstrate the in-situ detection of: (1) the neurotransmitter dopamine in undiluted urine (a biomarker for adrenal cancer); (2) the antipsychotic clozapine in blood to provide improved schizophrenia treatment outcomes; and (3) the drug hydroxyurea in blood to enable optimized treatment of children affected with sickle cell disease.
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Desagani et al. (2024) studied this question.
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