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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a crucial role in monitoring environmental conditions across diverse domains, including military operations, healthcare, agriculture, and disaster management. These networks consist of miniature wireless sensor nodes, each powered by a limited-lifespan battery. The key challenge in designing protocols and applications for WSN lies in ensuring longevity and dependability with a primary focus on energy consumption minimization and network lifetimeenhancement.This study aims to explore prevalent strategies of energy-efficient routing protocols to optimize node energy utilization. By delving into these protocols, we intend to uncover effective approaches that contribute to prolonging the life of WSNs.
Dongare et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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