Spectrophotometric Determination of Amaranth Dye Using a Two-Step Green Cloud Point and Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Approach

The present study introduces a two-step extraction methodology that integrates cloud point extraction (CPE) with magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) for the extraction and quantification of amaranth dye. Initially, the dye is extracted using CPE in the micellar phase of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. Subsequently, hydrophobic tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-modified Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are employed to recover the micellar phase. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to optimize the key parameters influencing the efficacy of both CPE and MSPE techniques, as well as signal enhancement. Under optimized conditions, the proposed methodology exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 10 to 90 μg Kg −1, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9945. The detection limit was determined to be 8.443 μg g −1. This robust and environmentally friendly approach offers a promising avenue for the accurate and efficient determination of amaranth dye in various applications.