Outcomes of Concomitant Cardiac Surgical Procedures Performed During Pediatric Lung Transplantation in the United States

Abstract Data on concomitant cardiac surgery (CCS) performed during pediatric lung transplantation (LTx) is limited. Therefore, we conducted a multi-institutional analysis to identify the incidence and outcomes of CCS in pediatric (< 18 yrs) LTx recipients by merging data (2004–2023) from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) databases. Of the total of 596 pediatric LTx recipients, 87 (15%) underwent CCS. The majority were atrial septal defect (ASD) closure (90%) followed by aortic arch/descending aortic repair (3%), atrial repair (3%), ventricular septal defect closure (2%), patent ductus arteriosus ligation (2%), and tricuspid valve repair (2%). The median age at LTx was 3 years (IQR:0–12). Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) was the predominant indication for LTx (54%). In-hospital mortality was 6% and 5-year mortality was 64%. Importantly, CCS in children undergoing LTx has acceptable outcomes.