Investigation of the Impact of Illumination Type and Triacontanol on the Development and Chemical Compound Production of the Tarragon Plant, Artemisia dracunculus L. in Vitro

This research was conducted in the Plant Agriculture Laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Karbala. The study employed plant tissue transplantation techniques to create vegetative branch farms for the Tarkoon plant, thereby enhancing the production of metabolic compounds. The study was executed in two stages subsequent to the sterilization process: The initial phase involved the establishment of vegetable branch farms by planting 1 cm segments of branches following their sterilization and cultivation in a medium containing BA and 2IP at varying concentrations (0, 1, 2, 2) and (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) mg L −1 , with a constant concentration of 0.1 mg L −1 . The second stage of vegetative branch cultivation, utilizing 2 cm segments derived from the initial stage, was conducted with NAA at the center of the MS, supplemented with varying concentrations of Triacontanol (0, 1, 2, 4 mg L −1 ), and the groats were subjected to three distinct lighting conditions. The concentration of 2 mg L −1 resulted in 35.21 branches per plant and 4.54 cm, respectively, whereas 2IP yielded 31.05 branches per plant and 3.31 cm in that order. The results further demonstrated the superiority of the MS nutritional medium containing 2 mgl −1 of Triacontanol, as evidenced by the enhanced branch length, overall chlorophyll concentration, carbohydrate content, protein percentage, and the concentrations of Peroxidase and Catalase, which were measured at 9.03 cm, 4.23 mg g −1 , 5.59 mg g −1 , 16.13%, 2.02 absorbance units g-1, and 3.46 absorbance units g −1 , respectively, along with 3.10 μg g-1.