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Atomic force microscopy reveals structural details of ice crystals on mica surfaces, indicating unique growth patterns.
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to obtain the first molecular-level images of the structure, growth and dynamics of ice crystals formed from vapor phase on a mica surface. The images show epitaxial growth of ice to form monolayers. Monoatomic steps of 4.7 Å and 7.1 Å are visible suggesting different crystallographic orientations in different regions. Ice nuclei on a mica surface have also been observed.
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Ogawa et al. (1995) studied this question.
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