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As an anti-counterfeiting technology, physical unclonable function (PUF) is irreplaceable in addressing security risks in the Internet of Things. However, limited by the fixed structural shape, PUF security cannot be further improved. Here, we present a 5D spin-PUF with three sensing effects and two spatial parameters as encoding parameters. The free transformation of the spin state is regulated for dynamic anti-counterfeiting. Fabricated by the self-developed laser-induced technology, the 5D coding base units are composed with random crystal direction, height, and concentration of SiC nanocrystals with spin structures. Spin states are manipulated by temperature, magnetic fields, and microwaves as three additional dimensions. The number of challenge-response pairs increases exponentially to 4,097 with an encoding capacity of 1027,310,000. With an excellent Hamming distance and low autocorrelation coefficient, the recognition accuracy reaches more than 94% using DenseNet. Additionally, we demonstrate unique real-time anti-counterfeiting of product state information. It could potentially be a next-generation security strategy.
Guo et al. (2024) studied this question.