Research on fast acoustic location algorithm and error analysis based on five-element four-sided cone array

Passive source localization based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) is an important method for high-precision and fast localization of point sources in areas such as gunshot localization and remote missile landing point localization. Traditional multi-element array passive sound localization algorithms have nonlinear equation, and their analytical solutions are obtained through complex transformations, which may result in non-unique solutions and low localization accuracy, making them unsuitable for practical applications. In this paper, a five-element tetrahedral array localization model is proposed, which utilizes the redundant degrees of freedom contained in the five-element array and introduces an intermediate variable (redundant variable) to linearize the resulting equation system. The accuracy of the analytical solution obtained by this optimization algorithm and the directional and distance errors under this array model are analyzed.