Kidney stones are an acute disease that causes pain, hospitalization and long-term complications, such as chronic kidney disease. During the last 20 years, its prevalence has been increasing, and, therefore, the costs of treatment. Among the risk factors, diabetes mellitus and the use of some medications are described, but metabolic syndrome and obesity have been added, due to an unbalanced diet and lack of exercise, and dehydration, increasingly associated with global warming.
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Courville et al. (2024) studied this question.
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